El impacto de la comunicación en cuidados paliativos de pacientes oncopediátricos: una revisión sistemática
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2024-05-08
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La comunicación es uno de los grandes desafíos al que hacen frente los profesionales sanitarios, en especial, los profesionales de enfermería, quienes permanecen mayor tiempo con el paciente. En el ámbito de los cuidados paliativos, la comunicación adquiere gran valía, puesto que permite comprender las necesidades del paciente y posibilitar la participación activa en la toma de decisiones, brindando así cuidados dignos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo, analizar la repercusión de la comunicación en pacientes oncopediátricos atendidos en cuidados paliativos. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática a partir de 31 estudios, con fecha de publicación comprendida entre 2010 hasta la actualidad, obtenidos de la búsqueda realizada en bases de datos tanto nacionales (Cuiden Plus) como internacionales (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, PsycInfo, WOS), utilizando una cadena de búsqueda específica para cada una de ellas, así como una serie de filtros relacionados con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. Los resultados obtenidos de los estudios incluidos se han plasmado atendiendo a los objetivos específicos en cuatro apartados: importancia y principales características de la comunicación en los cuidados paliativos pediátricos; principales obstáculos que dificultan la comunicación entre los profesionales sanitarios, la familia y los pacientes oncopediátricos; estrategias e instrumentos facilitadores de una comunicación de calidad y relevancia de las enfermeras en el establecimiento de cuidados especializados a pacientes oncopediátricos en situación paliativa. Según la evidencia actual, la comunicación abierta, directa, honesta y respetuosa es esencial en la atención oncológica pediátrica, puesto que mejora la calidad de la atención y aumenta la resiliencia de los pacientes y sus familiares. No obstante, existen diversos obstáculos que impiden la comunicación debido a la falta de tiempo y recursos, capacitación y apoyo emocional para los profesionales sanitarios. Igualmente, se han identificado herramientas que facilitan una comunicación de calidad, como la colaboración interdisciplinaria y el uso de terapias complementarias, entre otras. De igual manera, la figura de la enfermera es fundamental en la introducción de los cuidados paliativos pediátricos y en el equipo interdisciplinario. Por todo lo anterior, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de una mayor formación y recursos para los profesionales con la finalidad de lograr una comunicación efectiva. En suma, la comunicación es una herramienta fundamental en el cuidado de los pacientes oncopediátricos en situación paliativa.
Communication is one of the great challenges faced by health professionals, especially nursing professionals, who spend more time with the patient. In the field of palliative care, communication acquires great value, since it allows understanding the needs of the patient and enabling active participation in decision-making, thus providing dignified care. This study aims to analyze the impact of communication in oncopediatric patients treated in palliative care. For this, a systematic review has been carried out from 31 studies, with publication dates between 2010 to the present, obtained from the search carried out in both national (Cuiden Plus) and international databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, PsycInfo, WOS), using a specific search string for each of them, as well as a series of filters related to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained from the included studies have been reflected according to the specific objectives in four sections: importance and main characteristics of communication in pediatric palliative care; main obstacles that hinder communication between health professionals, family and pediatric oncopatients; strategies and instruments that facilitate quality communication and relevance of nurses in the establishment of specialized care for onco-pediatric patients in a palliative situation. Based on current evidence, open, direct, honest, and respectful communication is essential in pediatric cancer care, as it improves the quality of care and increases the resilience of patients and their families. However, there are various obstacles that prevent communication due to lack of time and resources, training and emotional support for health professionals. Likewise, tools have been identified that facilitate quality communication, such as interdisciplinary collaboration and the use of complementary therapies, among others. Similarly, the figure of the nurse is fundamental in the introduction of pediatric palliative care and in the interdisciplinary team. For all of the above, emphasis is placed on the need for greater training and resources for professionals in order to achieve effective communication. In short, communication is a fundamental tool in the care of pediatric oncopatients in a palliative situation.
Communication is one of the great challenges faced by health professionals, especially nursing professionals, who spend more time with the patient. In the field of palliative care, communication acquires great value, since it allows understanding the needs of the patient and enabling active participation in decision-making, thus providing dignified care. This study aims to analyze the impact of communication in oncopediatric patients treated in palliative care. For this, a systematic review has been carried out from 31 studies, with publication dates between 2010 to the present, obtained from the search carried out in both national (Cuiden Plus) and international databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, PsycInfo, WOS), using a specific search string for each of them, as well as a series of filters related to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained from the included studies have been reflected according to the specific objectives in four sections: importance and main characteristics of communication in pediatric palliative care; main obstacles that hinder communication between health professionals, family and pediatric oncopatients; strategies and instruments that facilitate quality communication and relevance of nurses in the establishment of specialized care for onco-pediatric patients in a palliative situation. Based on current evidence, open, direct, honest, and respectful communication is essential in pediatric cancer care, as it improves the quality of care and increases the resilience of patients and their families. However, there are various obstacles that prevent communication due to lack of time and resources, training and emotional support for health professionals. Likewise, tools have been identified that facilitate quality communication, such as interdisciplinary collaboration and the use of complementary therapies, among others. Similarly, the figure of the nurse is fundamental in the introduction of pediatric palliative care and in the interdisciplinary team. For all of the above, emphasis is placed on the need for greater training and resources for professionals in order to achieve effective communication. In short, communication is a fundamental tool in the care of pediatric oncopatients in a palliative situation.