Beneficios de la interacción humano-animal en niños y adolescentes: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
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2020-01-14
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En este articulo se expone una revisión sistemática sobre los distintos beneficios a nivel psicosocial, fisiológico y sobre la salud de la interacción puntual con un animal amigable en niños y adolescentes (0–18 años). Hay numerosos estudios que evidencian que la interacción con un animal proporciona diversos beneficios para el correcto desarrollo de niños y adolescentes en distintos ámbitos, tales como entornos escolares, promoviendo el aprendizaje a través de la motivación y manteniendo su atención en la tarea, en entornos hospitalarios aliviando el dolor y distrayéndoles de la situación, en entornos sociales, facilitando la interacción social y la comunicación, en situaciones estresantes proporcionando calma y apoyo emocional, e incluso aumentando la actividad física gracias al juego con el animal. Aun así, los beneficios derivados de la interacción con animales no están suficientemente investigados en niños y, en muchos casos, la metodología utilizada no es lo suficientemente sólida, por lo que se necesitan investigaciones futuras que respalden los resultados actuales.
This article presents a systematic review of the various psychosocial, physiological, and health benefits of occasional interaction with a friendly animal in children and adolescents (0–18 years). Numerous studies show that interaction with an animal provides various benefits for the proper development of children and adolescents in different settings, such as in school settings, promoting learning through motivation and maintaining attention on task; in hospital settings, relieving pain and distracting them from the situation; in social settings, facilitating social interaction and communication; in stressful situations, providing calm and emotional support; and even increasing physical activity through play with the animal. However, the benefits derived from interaction with animals in children are not sufficiently researched, and in many cases, the methodology used is not sufficiently robust, so future research is needed to support current results.
This article presents a systematic review of the various psychosocial, physiological, and health benefits of occasional interaction with a friendly animal in children and adolescents (0–18 years). Numerous studies show that interaction with an animal provides various benefits for the proper development of children and adolescents in different settings, such as in school settings, promoting learning through motivation and maintaining attention on task; in hospital settings, relieving pain and distracting them from the situation; in social settings, facilitating social interaction and communication; in stressful situations, providing calm and emotional support; and even increasing physical activity through play with the animal. However, the benefits derived from interaction with animals in children are not sufficiently researched, and in many cases, the methodology used is not sufficiently robust, so future research is needed to support current results.