Homofobia interiorizada: factores de riesgo y de protección. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura.
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2020-01-15
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La homofobia puede tomar varias formas, una de ellas es la homofobia interiorizada, que se define como el estado en el que las personas LGBTQ+ valoran negativamente su orientación sexual, identidad, apariencia y expresión de género que no se ajusta al modelo binario heteronormativo que predomina en la sociedad. Estudios muestran que la homofobia interiorizada se encuentra relacionada con problemas de salud tanto mental como física. Por ello es importante trabajar con la homofobia interiorizada de las personas LGBTQ+, empezando por detectar los factores de riesgo y de protección de esta. Este trabajo revisa 29 estudios que hallaron varios factores de riesgo, como la religiosidad y las experiencias de victimización, y factores de protección, como son la conectividad y pertenencia a la comunidad LGBTQ+ y el apoyo social. Estos factores identificados permitirán orientar el diseño de futuras intervenciones que permitan disminuir o prevenir la homofobia interiorizada.
Homophobia can take several forms, one of which is internalized homophobia, defined as the state in which LGBTQ+ people negatively value their sexual orientation, identity, appearance, and gender expression, which does not conform to the heteronormative binary model predominant in society. Studies show that internalized homophobia is linked to both mental and physical health problems. Therefore, it is important to address internalized homophobia in LGBTQ+ people, starting with identifying its risk and protective factors. This paper reviews 29 studies that found several risk factors, such as religiosity and experiences of victimization, and protective factors, such as connectedness and belonging to the LGBTQ+ community and social support. These identified factors will guide the design of future interventions to reduce or prevent internalized homophobia.
Homophobia can take several forms, one of which is internalized homophobia, defined as the state in which LGBTQ+ people negatively value their sexual orientation, identity, appearance, and gender expression, which does not conform to the heteronormative binary model predominant in society. Studies show that internalized homophobia is linked to both mental and physical health problems. Therefore, it is important to address internalized homophobia in LGBTQ+ people, starting with identifying its risk and protective factors. This paper reviews 29 studies that found several risk factors, such as religiosity and experiences of victimization, and protective factors, such as connectedness and belonging to the LGBTQ+ community and social support. These identified factors will guide the design of future interventions to reduce or prevent internalized homophobia.