Atención de enfermería y cuidados intrahospitalarios en la fase aguda del ictus
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2024-05-08
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Los accidentes cerebrovasculares o ictus están provocados por el cese de la circulación sanguínea a las células nerviosas. Esta enfermedad supone la primera causa de muerte en países desarrollados siendo la responsable de la cuarta parte de las muertes registradas a nivel mundial, la segunda causa de demencia y la primera causa de invalidez en el adulto generando un coste en sanidad del 3-4%. Constituye una verdadera urgencia neurológica donde tres cuartas partes de lo ictus afectan a una población más envejecida, sobre todo a mayores de 65 años. La figura de la Enfermería juega un importante papel en este tipo de pacientes, que precisan de una atención y cuidados especializados y rehabilitación, dirigida tanto a los familiares como al sujeto con ayuda de un equipo multidisciplinar, siendo la atención neurológica precoz y el ingreso a las unidades de ictus (UI) dos aspectos imprescindibles básicos para el tratamiento del ictus. Otra área importante en el ictus es la prevención, tanto primaria como secundaria para conseguir maximizar la recuperación en estos pacientes y lograr una mayor supervivencia con el menor número de secuelas posibles, siendo la hipertensión arterial el principal factor de riesgo cardiovascular que más prevalece en la aparición del ictus, seguida de la dislipemia y diabetes mellitus. Constituye un importante problema sociosanitario en nuestro país. Actualmente, en España existen 30 unidades de ictus y se pretende conseguir que este tipo de atención especializada se expanda hasta llegar a todos los hospitales secundarios. La principal finalidad de este trabajo es conocer los cuidados básicos que deben aplicarse a los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular en su fase aguda y demostrar la importancia de la figura de enfermería tanto la asistencia, prevención y tratamiento del ictus. Para ello, se ha realizado una búsqueda de información basada en la evidencia científica con el objetivo de poner en conocimiento las mejores actuaciones de enfermería en el manejo del ictus intrahospitalario en las primeras 24 horas. 3 El ictus constituye una verdadera pandemia con una importante prevalencia a nivel global, donde los profesionales de enfermería desempeñan un papel vital en su atención poniendo en marcha cuidados efectivos y rápidos, tratando de disminuir en la mayor medida posible el factor tiempo.
Strokes are caused by the cessation of blood circulation to nerve cells. This disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries and is responsible for a quarter of all deaths worldwide, the second leading cause of dementia and the leading cause of adult disability, generating a healthcare cost of 3-4%. It is a real neurological emergency where three quarters of strokes affect an older population, especially those over 65 years of age. Nursing plays an important role in this type of patients, who require specialized attention and care and rehabilitation, aimed at both the family and the subject with the help of a multidisciplinary team, with early neurological care and admission to stroke units (IU) being two basic essential aspects for stroke treatment. Another important area in stroke is prevention, both primary and secondary, to maximize recovery in these patients and achieve greater survival with the fewest possible sequelae, with arterial hypertension being the main cardiovascular risk factor most prevalent in the onset of stroke, followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. It is an important socio-health problem in our country. There are currently 30 stroke units in Spain and the aim is to expand this type of specialized care to all secondary hospitals. The main objective of this work is to create a standardized care plan that allows the application of adequate and effective care based on scientific evidence, during the acute process of the first 24 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms in order to highlight the role of nursing, especially in the role of prevention and management of the acute phase. To this end, a Standardized Nursing Care Plan for the management of stroke in its acute phase and a search for evidence-based information for its prevention, control of risk factors and treatment have been carried out. Stroke is a true pandemic with a significant global prevalence, where nursing teams play a vital role in its care by implementing effective and rapid care, trying to reduce the time factor as much as possible
Strokes are caused by the cessation of blood circulation to nerve cells. This disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries and is responsible for a quarter of all deaths worldwide, the second leading cause of dementia and the leading cause of adult disability, generating a healthcare cost of 3-4%. It is a real neurological emergency where three quarters of strokes affect an older population, especially those over 65 years of age. Nursing plays an important role in this type of patients, who require specialized attention and care and rehabilitation, aimed at both the family and the subject with the help of a multidisciplinary team, with early neurological care and admission to stroke units (IU) being two basic essential aspects for stroke treatment. Another important area in stroke is prevention, both primary and secondary, to maximize recovery in these patients and achieve greater survival with the fewest possible sequelae, with arterial hypertension being the main cardiovascular risk factor most prevalent in the onset of stroke, followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. It is an important socio-health problem in our country. There are currently 30 stroke units in Spain and the aim is to expand this type of specialized care to all secondary hospitals. The main objective of this work is to create a standardized care plan that allows the application of adequate and effective care based on scientific evidence, during the acute process of the first 24 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms in order to highlight the role of nursing, especially in the role of prevention and management of the acute phase. To this end, a Standardized Nursing Care Plan for the management of stroke in its acute phase and a search for evidence-based information for its prevention, control of risk factors and treatment have been carried out. Stroke is a true pandemic with a significant global prevalence, where nursing teams play a vital role in its care by implementing effective and rapid care, trying to reduce the time factor as much as possible