Cáncer de cuello uterino y virus del papiloma humano: una revisión narrativa
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2024-05-06
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El cáncer de cuello uterino es la tercera causa de muerte en mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 44 años y la cuarta neoplasia más frecuente en mujeres de todo el mundo. Este cáncer progresa lentamente a lo largo del tiempo, por lo que se puede prevenir y/o tratar cuando se encuentra en estadios precancerosos o iniciales. El factor etiológico más frecuente de este tipo de cáncer es la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), siendo los subtipos 16 y 18 los que causan el 70% de los cánceres de cuello uterino. El virus del papiloma humano es un factor altamente prevenible mediante diferentes estrategias de actuación. Como prevención primaria, las vacunas frente al virus del papiloma humano juegan un papel fundamental. Por otro lado, el cáncer de cuello uterino es uno de los cánceres que dispone de un protocolo de cribado para mujeres. Es importante asistir a estas pruebas de cribado rutinario, como son la prueba del virus del papiloma humano y la prueba de Papanicolau o citología vaginal. Gracias a la implantación de este protocolo de cribado, la incidencia del cáncer de cuello uterino ha disminuido en los países con mayores ingresos. Ningún otro cáncer tiene unos resultados tan favorables en cuanto a los efectos de un diagnóstico precoz. Para poder realizar una prevención precoz es necesario conocer los tipos de cáncer de cuello uterino, su fisiopatología, y por supuesto, sus factores etiológicos.
Cervical cancer is the third cause of death in women between 15 and 44 years old and the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. This cancer progresses slowly over time, so it can be prevented and/or treated when it is in precancerous or early stages. The most common etiological factor for this type of cancer is infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), where subtypes 16 and 18 are the cause of 70% of cervical cancers. The human papilloma virus is a highly preventable factor through different action strategies. As primary prevention, vaccines against the human papillomavirus play a fundamental role. On the other hand, cervical cancer is one of the cancers that has a screening protocol for women. It is important to attend these routine screening tests, such as the human papillomavirus test and the Papanicolaou test or vaginal cytology. Thanks to the implementation of this screening protocol, the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased in countries with higher incomes. No other cancer has such favorable results in terms of the effects of early diagnosis. In order to carry out early prevention, it is necessary to know the types of cervical cancer, the pathophysiology, and of course, the etiological factors
Cervical cancer is the third cause of death in women between 15 and 44 years old and the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. This cancer progresses slowly over time, so it can be prevented and/or treated when it is in precancerous or early stages. The most common etiological factor for this type of cancer is infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), where subtypes 16 and 18 are the cause of 70% of cervical cancers. The human papilloma virus is a highly preventable factor through different action strategies. As primary prevention, vaccines against the human papillomavirus play a fundamental role. On the other hand, cervical cancer is one of the cancers that has a screening protocol for women. It is important to attend these routine screening tests, such as the human papillomavirus test and the Papanicolaou test or vaginal cytology. Thanks to the implementation of this screening protocol, the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased in countries with higher incomes. No other cancer has such favorable results in terms of the effects of early diagnosis. In order to carry out early prevention, it is necessary to know the types of cervical cancer, the pathophysiology, and of course, the etiological factors