Musicoterapia aplicada a personas mayores con demencias. Una revisión bibliográfica
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2024-05-07
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La demencia es un síndrome que afecta a una gran parte de la población, siendo esta realmente incapacitante para las personas que la sufren y sin un tratamiento curativo, sino paliativo o sintomático. A su vez, es una patología sufrida principalmente en personas mayores, siendo estos los más afectados. La musicoterapia se define como el uso de forma profesional de la música como intervención para una mejora de salud. Ciertos estudios han relacionado el uso de la música en personas con demencia, por lo que la finalidad de esta revisión bibliográfica sería analizar los efectos de la musicoterapia en personas mayores con demencia, ya sea su utilidad, sus efectos o el tipo de técnicas empleadas. Para ello, hemos realizado una revisión bibliográfica ayudándonos en diferentes bases de datos, como son Pubmed, Scopus o Lilacs, encontrando un total de 12 artículos válidos. Los resultados, en su gran mayoría han resultado ser positivos respecto a la terapia musical, siendo esta efectiva en un gran abanico de los aspectos valorados, entre los que se incluyen depresión, agresividad, calidad de vida, bienestar o el consumo y prescripción de fármacos, entre otros. Sin embargo, también se han encontrado estudios donde la terapia no ha reportado ningún beneficio o no ha sido significativamente estadística la diferencia. No obstante, en ninguna ocasión ha resultado negativa la intervención en comparación al tratamiento o actividades tradicionales. En conclusión, todo apunta a que la musicoterapia, siendo a través del canto, la interpretación de instrumentos, la improvisación o cualquier forma de llevarla a cabo, es efectiva ante los problemas que la demencia plantea a las personas mayores. Sin embargo, los estudios revisados presentan ciertos sesgos, siendo las poblaciones bastante reducidas en su mayoría o presentando una metodología poco rigurosa, por lo que aún se precisan de una mayor investigación en este amplio tema, con estudios mejor estructurados, poblaciones más amplias y un diseño más riguroso y correcto.
Dementia is a syndrome that affects a large part of the population, being this really incapacitating for people who suffer it and without a curative treatment, but palliative or symptomatic. In turn, it is a pathology suffered mainly in older people, these being the most affected. Music therapy is defined as the professional use of music as an intervention for improving health. Certain studies have linked the use of music in people with dementia, so the purpose of this bibliographic review would be to analyze the effects of music therapy in older people with dementia, whether its utility, its effects or the type of techniques used. To do this, we have performed a systematic review from different databases, such as Pubmed, Scopus or Lilacs, finding a total of 12 valid articles. The results, for the most part, have been positive in terms of music therapy, being effective in a large range of aspects, including depression, aggression, quality of life, well-being or drug use and prescription, among others. However, studies have also been found where therapy has no benefit or has not been statistically significant the difference. However, in no case has the intervention been negative compared to traditional treatment or activities. In conclusion, everything points to the fact that music therapy, being through singing, instrumental interpretation, improvisation or any form of carrying out it, is effective before the problems that dementia poses to the elderly. However, the reviewed studies present certain misconceptions, with populations mostly fairly reduced or presenting a less rigorous methodology, so more research on this broad topic is still needed, with better structured studies, broader populations and a more rigorous and correct design.
Dementia is a syndrome that affects a large part of the population, being this really incapacitating for people who suffer it and without a curative treatment, but palliative or symptomatic. In turn, it is a pathology suffered mainly in older people, these being the most affected. Music therapy is defined as the professional use of music as an intervention for improving health. Certain studies have linked the use of music in people with dementia, so the purpose of this bibliographic review would be to analyze the effects of music therapy in older people with dementia, whether its utility, its effects or the type of techniques used. To do this, we have performed a systematic review from different databases, such as Pubmed, Scopus or Lilacs, finding a total of 12 valid articles. The results, for the most part, have been positive in terms of music therapy, being effective in a large range of aspects, including depression, aggression, quality of life, well-being or drug use and prescription, among others. However, studies have also been found where therapy has no benefit or has not been statistically significant the difference. However, in no case has the intervention been negative compared to traditional treatment or activities. In conclusion, everything points to the fact that music therapy, being through singing, instrumental interpretation, improvisation or any form of carrying out it, is effective before the problems that dementia poses to the elderly. However, the reviewed studies present certain misconceptions, with populations mostly fairly reduced or presenting a less rigorous methodology, so more research on this broad topic is still needed, with better structured studies, broader populations and a more rigorous and correct design.