Metabolismo del etanol en humanos
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2024-05-09
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En este trabajo vamos a realizar una revisión actualizada sobre el metabolismo del etanol en nuestro organismo. Las diferentes vías de absorción y administración que sigue, los sistemas enzimáticos que ayudan a su oxidación y como su consumo crónico puede afectar al hígado, produciendo el llamado hígado graso. El alcohol sufre su mayor absorción a nivel intestinal, se distribuye por el organismo, y acaba metabolizado casi en su totalidad. Por su parte, la mayor oxidación se produce en el hígado, veremos su proceso y los mecanismos que sigue el alcohol para su oxidación. También se estudiará el proceso y la velocidad de eliminación del etanol y sus metabolitos, y los diferentes factores que modifican la tasa de eliminación, como la edad, el sexo, los ritmos biológicos, el ejercicio, entre otros. A su vez, revisaremos las consecuencias que conlleva el trastorno por consumo de alcohol, como nos afecta al aparato digestivo y las enfermedades neurológicas que puede acarrear. Por último, veremos como se relaciona con algunas drogas y la capacidad de los fármacos para el tratamiento del consumo crónico de alcohol.
In this work we are going to carry out an updated review on the metabolism of ethanol in our body. The different routes of absorption and administration that follows, the enzymatic systems that help its oxidation and how its chronic consumption can affect the liver, producing the so-called fatty liver. Alcohol undergoes its greatest absorption at the intestinal level, is distributed throughout the body, and ends up metabolized almost in its entirety. For its part, the greatest oxidation occurs in the liver, we will see its process and the mechanisms that alcohol follows for its oxidation. The process and speed of elimination of ethanol and its metabolites will also be studied, and the different factors that modify the elimination rate, such as age, sex, biological rhythms, exercise, among others. Finally, we will review the consequences of alcohol use disorder, such as affecting the digestive system and the neurological diseases it can cause. Finally, we will see how it is related to some drugs and the ability of drugs to treat chronic alcohol consumption.
In this work we are going to carry out an updated review on the metabolism of ethanol in our body. The different routes of absorption and administration that follows, the enzymatic systems that help its oxidation and how its chronic consumption can affect the liver, producing the so-called fatty liver. Alcohol undergoes its greatest absorption at the intestinal level, is distributed throughout the body, and ends up metabolized almost in its entirety. For its part, the greatest oxidation occurs in the liver, we will see its process and the mechanisms that alcohol follows for its oxidation. The process and speed of elimination of ethanol and its metabolites will also be studied, and the different factors that modify the elimination rate, such as age, sex, biological rhythms, exercise, among others. Finally, we will review the consequences of alcohol use disorder, such as affecting the digestive system and the neurological diseases it can cause. Finally, we will see how it is related to some drugs and the ability of drugs to treat chronic alcohol consumption.