Diferencias individuales y conducta adictiva: el caso del alcohol
Fecha
2016-06-08
Autores
Lara Torres, Salvador
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Editor
Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
Los trastornos de adicción y los consumos perjudiciales de sustancias se han multiplicado preocupantemente en nuestro país en las últimas décadas, alcanzando una magnitud importante y representando un problema socio-sanitario considerable dentro de nuestro territorio. Dentro de las drogas de abuso hay una sustancia que destaca por encima de las demás por su alta prevalencia de consumo, la precocidad con que se empieza a ingerir, los efectos tan variados que produce sobre el organismo y la aceptación social de la que goza: el alcohol etílico o etanol. Numerosas evidencias sugieren que no todos los individuos son igualmente sensibles a los efectos de esta sustancia, ni tampoco todos ellos desarrollan un cuadro adictivo propiamente dicho cuando la consumen repetidamente, siendo el estudio de los factores que determinan estas diferencias un tema de gran interés científico. El presente TFG tiene como objetivo fundamental realizar una revisión teórica sobre algunas diferencias individuales que influyen en el desarrollo del alcoholismo. Con este objetivo se comentan en primer lugar algunas definiciones y datos básicos relativos al concepto de adicción y al consumo de alcohol en nuestro país, se analizan seguidamente los efectos farmacológicos y mecanismos de acción de esta droga, y se revisan por último algunos de los factores más relevantes que determinan las diferencias individuales relacionadas con su consumo problemático. Esta revisión finaliza con una discusión de estos hallazgos y del modo en que los mismos pueden ayudar a comprender mejor las bases biológicas del alcoholismo.
Addiction disorders and harmful substance use have increased alarmingly in our country in recent decades, reaching a significant scale and representing a considerable socio-health problem within our territory. Among drugs of abuse, one substance stands out above the rest due to its high prevalence of use, the early age at which it begins to be ingested, the varied effects it produces on the body, and its social acceptance: ethyl alcohol or ethanol. Numerous studies suggest that not all individuals are equally sensitive to the effects of this substance, nor do all of them develop a true addiction when they consume it repeatedly. The study of the factors that determine these differences is a topic of great scientific interest. The main objective of this final degree project is to conduct a theoretical review of some individual differences that influence the development of alcoholism. With this objective, we first discuss some definitions and basic data related to the concept of addiction and alcohol consumption in our country. We then analyze the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of this drug, and finally review some of the most relevant factors that determine individual differences related to problematic alcohol use. This review concludes with a discussion of these findings and how they can help us better understand the biological basis of alcoholism.
Addiction disorders and harmful substance use have increased alarmingly in our country in recent decades, reaching a significant scale and representing a considerable socio-health problem within our territory. Among drugs of abuse, one substance stands out above the rest due to its high prevalence of use, the early age at which it begins to be ingested, the varied effects it produces on the body, and its social acceptance: ethyl alcohol or ethanol. Numerous studies suggest that not all individuals are equally sensitive to the effects of this substance, nor do all of them develop a true addiction when they consume it repeatedly. The study of the factors that determine these differences is a topic of great scientific interest. The main objective of this final degree project is to conduct a theoretical review of some individual differences that influence the development of alcoholism. With this objective, we first discuss some definitions and basic data related to the concept of addiction and alcohol consumption in our country. We then analyze the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of this drug, and finally review some of the most relevant factors that determine individual differences related to problematic alcohol use. This review concludes with a discussion of these findings and how they can help us better understand the biological basis of alcoholism.